Approach to Nursing Care

Type: Research Paper

Subject: Pathophysiology

Subject area: Nursing

Education Level: Undergraduate/College

Length: 7 pages

Referencing style: APA

Preferred English: US English

Spacing Option: Double

Title: Nursing Process: Approach to nursing care M

Instructions: the nursing process is a tool that puts knowledge into practice. by utilizing this systematic problem-solving method, nurses can determine the health care needs of an individual and provide personalized care. write a paper (1,750-2,000 words) on cancer and approach to care based on the utilization of the nursing process. include the following in your paper: 1. describe the diagnosis and staging of cancer. 2. describe at least three complications of cancer, the side effects of treatment, and methods to lessen physical and psychological effects. 3. discuss what factors contribute to the yearly incidence and mortality rates of various cancers in americans. 4. explain how the american cancer society (acs) might provide education and support. what acs services would you recommend and why? 5. explain how the nursing process is utilized to provide safe and effective care for cancer patients across the life span. your explanation should include each of the five phases and demonstrate the delivery of holistic and patient-focused care. 6. discuss how undergraduate education in liberal arts and science studies contributes to the foundation of nursing knowledge and prepares nurses to work with patients utilizing the nursing process. consider mathematics, social and physical sciences, and science studies as an interdisciplinary research area. you are required to cite to a minimum of four sources to complete this assignment. sources must be published within the last 5 years and appropriate for the assignment criteria and relevant to nursing practice. prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the apa style guide, located in the student success center. an abstract is not required. this assignment uses a rubric. please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. you are required to submit this assignment to lopeswrite. refer to the lopeswrite technical support articles for assistance. benchmark information this benchmark assignment assesses the following programmatic competencies: rn-bsn 2.1: incorporate liberal arts and science studies into nursing knowledge. 3.1 utilize the nursing process to provide safe and effective care for patients across the life span.

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Also Read: Best Online Nursing Research Paper Help

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Focus: -make sure all 6 points are included in the essay. -plagiarism score must be less than 20%

Structure: -apa 7 required -at least 4 minimum peer reviewed journal article sources from the last 5 years -headings and subheadings must be used for each new topic -refer to attached rubric

Important notes: -make sure all 6 points are included in this paper.

Approach to Nursing Care

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Introduction

Cancer is normally described based on the growth of abnormal cells, which multiply wildly. The cancer cells can penetrate and harm the blood tissue. Cancer is regarded as second major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world after cardiovascular disorders. For various types of cancers, the survival rates increase, and cancer detection and therapy are strengthened (Greenstein, 2016). This paper will explore characteristics of cancer, the cancer nursing process, the American cancer society services and how liberal arts and science are integrated in nursing knowledge.

Diagnosis and staging of cancer

There is no precise test that can diagnose cancer adequately. The entire assessment of a patient often necessitates a comprehensive patient background and physiological analysis coupled with diagnostic examination. Many tests are necessary to determine whether a person has cancer or whether any other disease, for example infection, mimics cancer. Applied to verify or eliminate the onset of the illness, control the progression of the disease, plan for and evaluate the value of the therapy are effective diagnostic testing. In some cases, patient situation varies twice or more, or when a sample proportion is not of high quality or if the findings are questionable (Stanford Health Care, n.d.). Approaches for diagnosing cancer comprise of laboratory tumor marker tests, tumor biopsy, surgery, endoscopic and genetic screening.

Different types of laboratory tests are utilized for the diagnosis of cancer. Synthetic chemical approaches can be used for determining the levels of biochemical mechanisms in the fluids and tissues of the organism. The most prevalent specimens in medical chemistry are blood and urine. Some cancer tests in the laboratory involve blood tests, urine tests, grade of the tumor and complete blood count. The introduction of digital procedures and devices that can better detect cancer and help people avoid surgery has increased significantly over the last decades. Diagnostic imagery helps to detect tumors and other body issues. They also determine the level of the disease and evaluate the effectiveness of therapies. Transmission imaging and reflection imaging are the three different types of imaging performed in cancer diagnosis. Endoscopy, colonoscopy, endoscopy, retrograde endoscopy (RCP), upper endoscopy, and sigmoidoscopy are other examples of endoscopy Tests. (Stanford Health Care, n.d.). 

Cancer staging provides data on the severity and the likelihood of survival, the best therapy and the pharmacological treatments that can be used for therapy. Cancer is often classified based on the diagnosis phase, even if it is spreading or worsening. In the early stage, new evidence on the developments in the disease is added and the phase is different even if cancer changes (DeAngelis, 2016). The stage of cancer is established through screenings. There are various types of screening methods, but the TNM staging method, is most frequently used for various types of cancer. The stage system informs where the tumor lies, kind of the cell, type of cancer if the disease has spread, and level of cancer (National Cancer Institute, 2019). T is the main tumor form and size, N is the number of surrounding lymph nodes that cause cancer, whereas M is the metastasis of the disease (Greenstein, 2016).

Cancer Complications 

There are several cancer-related consequences. Neurological problems are one among them. Central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system are highly cancer-sensitive. The most direct input in primary rain and tumors of the spinal cord is the nervous system. It could trigger neurological morbidity and mortality when the nervous system is damaged by cancer (DeAngelis, 2016). Furthermore, cancer inhibits tiredness. The cancer treatment and chemotherapy have a side effect. In other parts of the body, cancer also causes pain. When patients have breast cancer, for example, they might develop breast pain.

Side Effects of Cancer Treatments

Cancer treatment can have many side effects that take place when medicine affects the healthy body cells. The side effects are different for every person and various types of procedures. One of the side effects is neutropenia, which refers to the decrease in the number of white blood cells. This side effect is common after chemotherapy. Chemotherapy works through killing the rapidly growing cells in the body: healthy white blood cells and the cancer cells. Therefore because of a low number of white blood cells, one may develop an infection. Cancer treatments also cause loss of hair (DeAngelis, 2016). Some types of chemotherapy may make the hair fall out. This condition is known as alopecia. Patients receiving cancer treatments also experience nausea and vomiting. Sometimes the patients feel sick from just thinking about the treatment of cancer. For some patients, the cancer treatments cause problems with thinking. This condition is called chemo brain, and it makes it hard for the patients to do their everyday tasks. Cancer pain is also one of the side effects of treatments (National Cancer Institute, n.d.). It makes it hard for the patient to do distinct daily activities.

Approaches to Mitigate Physical and Psychological Effects of Cancer

Regular hand washing decreases the danger of having a chemotherapeutic infection. In a relatively clean atmosphere, other ways to avoid disease are to provide fresh food. Cap cooling assists the patient to keep the hair. The hood fits tightly on the head and keeps the skin cool before, during or after chemotherapy. The patient should take beverages such as water or ginger ale in order to prevent nausea and vomiting. A lot of sleep and planning and consultation can cure problems with memory and thought. Dolor can be managed by the prescription of pain killers (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2019). Factors that contribute to the annual rate of cancer incidences and deaths in America are among the factors determining the annual mortality and morbidity of cancers in America. The more American inhabitants, especially racial and ethnic minorities, are allowed to receive medical care, the more doctors are frequently seen and the diagnosis and prompt screening is expected to reduce rates of cancer death (National Cancer Institute, n.d).  As Americans are educated about healthy conduct in their lives, the mortality and morbidity of cancer are declining every day. Different types of cancers are caused by poor behavior like smoking, unhealthy diets, lack of physical activity and risky sex. Yearly Socioeconomic status also influences annual cancer mortality and morbidity rates. Highly educated people can probably be well paid and likely to be insured and sick. They may probably be tested early and can be treated correctly. Low social and economic conditions people have a lesser chance of getting a cancer test. Exposure to and treatment for carcinogens is also associated with annual disease burden and death (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2018).

Providing Education and Support through the American Cancer Society (ACS)

The ACS should evaluate clinical preferences, provide resources for promotion of quality and development, and encourage awareness and personal education. The firm should seek to stretch the relationships and collaborations of its local communities, build on present education and support organizations and target major cancer domains in which the patient can receive assistance. The patient also has to be placed in a motivation and training therapy group Recommended ACS Services

I would urge society to provide support 24 hours a day and seven days a week. The group should lead the patient through the suffering of cancer. The patient is likely to face emotional issues and need psychological assistance from society (National Cancer Institute, n.d).  I would also propose services for cancer awareness. The organization provides up-to-date cancer information. On the site there is more than enough knowledge and the society provides 24-7 assistance lines when the patient is still in doubts. The patient can experience unique obstacles or problems and may require relevant information. The firm provides cancer data, therapy and side effects solutions, optimism. This is what the sufferer needs. Finally, I would advocate resources such as wigs and prostheses, as well as social support groups and literature. This would enhance cancer literacy (Greenstein, 2016).

Nursing Process for Cancer Patients

Due to scientific and technological developments, the prospects of cancer patients have improved considerably. The cancer patient may have various structural problems due to the underlying disease or varied methods of therapy (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2019).  

Assessment

Notwithstanding of the predictions or treatments of cancer type, numerous cancer patients are vulnerable to various difficulties and complications. A nurse in the oncology team is responsible for assessing patients for diseases that are the top causes of death in cancer patients. The nurse must also measure the counts of white blood cells, hemorrhage, problems with nutrition, skin, tiredness, pain and mental stress.

Nursing Diagnosis

Based on the findings from the screening, the nursing diagnosis of the patient comprises a damaged oral mucous layer, impaired tissue structure, mal-absorption, anorexia, cachexia, chronic pain, exhaustion, anticipatory grieving, and disordered body image (National Cancer Institute, n.d).

Planning

The patient's primary goals are to manage stomatitis, maintain food, relieve pain, help relieve tissue tiredness, enhance the bodily picture, better progression through the complaints process, and absence of problems.

Implementation

Cancer patients are highly at risk of many unfavorable complication and treatment consequences. Patients and the family are helped in the treatment of various disorders, including at home. In order to reduce the oral problems of treatments, the nurse should educate the person with oral hygiene including brushing, washing and rinsing. In order to maintain tissue integrity, the responsibility of an infirmary is to help the patient carefully by wearing loose clothing and using topical medicines (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2019). The nurse should convey information on the matter to help the address issues with alopecia in order to support the family and patient's response to this upsetting therapeutic effect. The nurse should advise the patient on nutrition, prepare it for the patient's predicted pain and send it to advice. You should offer pain medications, too. In order to improve the body image and self-care, the nurse should promote independence and involvement in self-care and decision making. The nurses should help the patient and respond to questions during the complainant's process (Greenstein, 2016).

Evaluation

The expected results are the oral mucous membrane impartiality, tissue integrity, sufficient nutritional status, pain relief, improved self-appreciation and body image, improved progression during the critical process increases tolerance for activity and lower tiredness, and lower complications of infection, septicemia and bleeding (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2019).  Following this, the patient should undergo cancer physiotherapy to help them manage challenges in their everyday employment.

Contribution of Undergraduate Education in Liberal Arts and Science Studies

Career education is more than professional knowledge and expertise. A nurse who is well-rounded, thoughtful and culturally competent is molded by liberal arts and sciences (National Cancer Institute, n.d). They also help you to become a leader and master all the components of basic principles needed to improve patient care results. Nurses are using mathematical models to mechanically grasp dynamic cancer processes. This nurse allows you to understand which intervention, especially in medicines, is beneficial for the patient. Nurses also comprehend the relationships between homeostatic processes, environmental characteristics and mutations which lead to tumor formation through mathematics (Gordon Research Conference, 2019). Social studies offer nurses the expertise to help patients deal with sadness, anxiety, fear of depression, image of themselves and self-esteem, partnerships and spirituality. Physics approaches insights relating to multi-scale mechanics and cancer forces, spatiotemporal aspects of interactions between cellular microenvironments, computer technologies, and imaging methodologies. This subject enhances comprehension between physical and biochemical features of cancer and develops the treatment and management of cancer trials (Gordon Research Conference, 2019).

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018, July 5). CDC - Factors That Contribute to Health Disparities in Cancer. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/healthdisparities/basic_info/challenges.htm

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019, March 21). Side Effects of Cancer Treatment. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/survivors/patients/side-effects-of-treatment.html

DeAngelis, L. M. (2016). Neurologic complications of cancer. Holland‐Frei Cancer Medicine,1-15.

Gordon Research Conference. (2019). 2019 Physical Science of Cancer Conference GRC. Retrieved from https://www.grc.org/physical-science-of-cancer-conference/2019/

Greenstein, J. P. (2016). Biochemistry of cancer. Elsevier. 

National Cancer Institute. (2019, March 9). Cancer Staging. Retrieved from https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/staging 

National Cancer Institute. (n.d.). Side Effects of Cancer Treatment. Retrieved from https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects 

Stanford health care. (n.d.). How Is Cancer Diagnosed? Retrieved from https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/cancer/cancer/cancer-diagnosis.html