Module 2: NSG-502-IKI - Advanced Nursing Research

Patients suffering from cystic fibrosis have an increased inhaling of oxygen through the epithelial cells lining their airways, which results in hypoxia. The environment in which these bacteria thrive make it easier for them to colonize the airway and create the biofilms, both of which are important steps in the colonization process. The most common species of bacteria that are responsible for this are called pseudomonas. Cystic fibrosis is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene (Zhang et al., 2018). The protein encoded by this gene is a subpar chloride transporter, meaning that chloride ions are not efficiently shuttled out of the cell and onto the apical surface.

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 As a result, chloride ions are not efficiently transported. Because it also propels water movement, chloride transfer is an extremely important process. Along with a decrease in the flow of chloride, water movement has also decreased. Mucus becomes more viscous as a result of decreased water transport across the respiratory epithelium, water is responsible for thinning mucous secretions. The thick mucus discharges in the airway are the root cause of chronic obstruction of the airways. The mucous in our respiratory tracts serves as a barrier between the bacteria in the air we breathe and any bacteria that may have been inhaled, which is normally good (Ortiz-Muñoz et al., 2020). However, the pathogens are not eliminated and end up populating the airway because the respiratory cilia are unable to adequately carry the mucus up the airway to be coughed up which results in an accumulation of the pathogens or swallowed.

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References

Ortiz-Muñoz, G., Michelle, A. Y., Lefrançais, E., Mallavia, B., Valet, C., Tian, J. J., ... & Looney, M. R. (2020). Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator dysfunction in platelets drives lung hyperinflammation. The Journal of clinical investigation, 130(4), 2041-2053.

Zhang, S., Shrestha, C. L., & Kopp, B. T. (2018). Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators have differential effects on cystic fibrosis macrophage function. Scientific reports, 8(1), 1-10.